(this post originates from
visualnews.com)
The Phenakistoscope is the earliest form of animation. I'm fond of this particular one because of the both the endless spiral of rats coming out of the holes, but also because of the added details of realism: the shadows of the rats and also note that the edge of the disc is black, allowing the rats to seemingly crawl AROUND AND BEHIND the edge of the disc.
In truth, the disc is to be viewed through a slit in the disc. Similar to Zoetropes, the disc is spun, and looking through the slit forces the viewer to focus on the image and seamlessly advances the images creating the motion. In the example below, you view the dancers and the slits are visible on either side of the couple:
When exposed to show the entire cycle of motion, these early early motion pictures are excellent resources for understanding animation and are pretty hypnotic.
Imagine how this could be made into a seampunk-esque series of gears and cogs:
Notice how the figure pauses to squat before leaping into the mouth of the lion: